| 1 |
Gallia
Gallia, Galliae, f.: Gaul (region of Gaul)
est
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
omnis
omnis, -e: all, as a whole
dīvīsa
dīvidō, -ere, dīvīsī, dīvīsus: to divide, separate
in
in (with acc.): into, onto
partēs
pars, partis, f.: part
trēs,
trēs, tria: three
|
Main Clause |
| 2a |
quārum
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
ūnam
ūnus, -a, -um: one
incolunt
incolō, -ere, incoluī: to inhabit
Belgae,
Belgae, Belgārum, m.pl.: (inhabitants of Belgium)
|
Relative Clause Begins |
| 2b |
aliam
alius, alia, aliud: other, another
Aquītānī,
Aquītānī, Aquītānōrum, m.pl.: (inhabitants of Aquitania)
|
Relative Clause Continues (quārum & incolunt supplied from 2a) |
| 2c |
tertiam
tertius, -a, -um: third
|
Relative Clause Concludes (quārum & incolunt supplied from 2a) |
| 3a |
quī
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
ipsōrum
ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self
linguā
lingua, linguae, f.: language
Celtae,
Celtae, Celtārum, m.pl.: Celts (inhabitants of central Gaul)
|
Relative Clause Begins (appellantur supplied from 3b) |
| 3b |
nostrā
noster, nostra, nostrum: our, ours
Gallī
Gallī, Gallōrum, m.pl.: Gauls
appellantur.
appellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to name, call
|
Relative Clause Concludes (linguā supplied from 3a) |
| 1 |
Hī
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
omnēs
omnis, -e: all, entire, every
linguā,
lingua, linguae, f.: language
īnstitūtīs,
īnstitūtum, īnstitūtī, n.: practice, custom
lēgibus
lēx, lēgis, f.: law; regulation
inter
inter (with acc.): between, among
sē
—, suī, sibi, sē, sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves
differunt.
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātus: to differ, be different
|
Main Clause |
| 1a |
Gallōs
Gallī, Gallōrum, m.pl.: Gauls
ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
Aquītānīs
Aquītānī, Aquītānōrum, m.pl.: (inhabitants of Aquitania)
Garumna
Garumna, Garumnae, f.: Garonne (river in Gaul)
flūmen,
flūmen, flūminis, n.: river
|
Main Clause Begins (dīvidit supplied from 1b) |
| 1b |
ā
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
Belgīs
Belgae, Belgārum, m.pl.: (inhabitants of Belgium)
Matrona
Matrona, Matronae, m.: Marne (river in Gaul)
et
et: and, both
Sēquana
Sēquana, Sēquanae, f.: Seine (principal river in northern Gaul)
dīvidit.
dīvidō, -ere, dīvīsī, dīvīsus: to divide, separate
|
Main Clause Concludes (Gallōs supplied from 1a) |
| 1 |
Hōrum
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
omnium
omnis, -e: all, entire, every
fortissimī
fortis, -e: brave, courageous
sunt
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
Belgae,
Belgae, Belgārum, m.pl.: (inhabitants of Belgium)
|
Main Clause |
| 2a |
proptereā quod
proptereā quod: for the very reason that, because
ā
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
cultū
cultus, cultūs, m.: culture, refinement
atque
ac, atque: and
prōvinciae
prōvincia, prōvinciae, f.: province
longissimē
longē: far (away), at a distance; by far
absunt,
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus: to be away
|
Causal Clause Begins |
| 2b |
minimē
minimē: least
que
-que: and, both
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
eōs
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
mercātōrēs
mercātor, mercātōris, m.: merchant
saepe
saepe: often
commeant
commeō, -āre, -āvī, -ātūrus: to travel
|
Causal Clause Continues |
| 2c |
atque
ac, atque: and
ea
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
|
Causal Clause Continues |
| 3a |
quae
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
|
Relative Clause Begins |
| 4 |
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at; for the purpose of
effēminandōs
effēminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to weaken
animōs
animus, animī, m.: spirit; mind
|
Gerundive of Purpose |
| 3b |
pertinent
pertineō, -ēre, -uī, pertentus: to extend; to pertain, relate
|
Relative Clause Concludes |
| 2d |
important,
importō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to bring in, import
|
Causal Clause Continues |
| 2e |
proximī
proximus, -a, -um: nearest, closest
que
-que: and, both
sunt
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
Germānīs
Germānī, Germānōrum, m.pl.: Germans
|
Causal Clause Concludes |
| 5 |
quī
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
trāns
trāns (with acc.): across
Rhēnum
Rhēnus, Rhēnī, m.: Rhine (river between Gaul and Germany)
incolunt,
incolō, -ere, incoluī: to inhabit
|
Relative Clause |
| 6 |
quibus
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
cum
cum (with abl.): with
continenter
continenter: continually
bellum
bellum, bellī, n.: war
gerunt.
gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: to wage, carry on
|
Relative Clause |
| 1 |
Quā
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that; this
dē
dē (with abl.): (down) from; about; for
causā
causa, causae, f.: cause, reason
Helvētiī
Helvētius, -a, -um: Helvetian (ancient Swiss)
quoque
quoque: also, too
reliquōs
reliquus, -a, -um: remaining, rest of, other
Gallōs
Gallī, Gallōrum, m.pl.: Gauls
virtūte
virtūs, virtūtis, f.: valor, courage; virtue
praecēdunt,
praecēdō, -ere, praecessī, praecessus: to surpass
|
Main Clause |
| 2 |
quod
quod: because, the fact that
ferē
ferē: almost
cotīdiānīs
cotīdiānus, -a, -um: daily
proeliīs
proelium, proelī, n.: battle
cum
cum (with abl.): with
Germānīs
Germānī, Germānōrum, m.pl.: Germans
contendunt,
contendō, -ere, contendī, contentūrus: to fight
|
Causal Clause Concludes |
| 3a |
cum
cum (with indic.): when
aut
aut: or, either
suīs
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own)
fīnibus
fīnis, fīnis, m.: end; (pl.) borders; land
eōs
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
prohibent
prohibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus: to keep (away), restrain; to prohibit
|
Temporal Clause Begins |
| 3b |
aut
aut: or, either
ipsī
ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self
in
in (with abl.): in, on
eōrum
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
fīnibus
fīnis, fīnis, m.: end; (pl.) borders; land
bellum
bellum, bellī, n.: war
gerunt.
gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: to wage, carry on
|
Temporal Clause Concludes |
| 1a |
Eōrum
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
ūna
ūnus, -a, -um: one
pars
pars, partis, f.: part, share
|
First Main Clause Begins |
| 2a |
quam
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
|
Relative Clause Begins |
| 3 |
Gallōs
Gallī, Gallōrum, m.pl.: Gauls
obtinēre
obtineō, -ēre, -uī, obtentus: to hold, occupy
|
Indirect Statement |
| 2b |
dictum est,
dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictus: to say
|
Relative Clause Concludes |
| 1b |
initium
initium, initī, n.: beginning
capit
capiō, -ere, cēpī, captus: to take
ā
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
flūmine
flūmen, flūminis, n.: river
Rhodanō;
Rhodanus, Rhodanī, m.: Rhone (river flowing through Lake Geneva)
|
First Main Clause Concludes |
| 1c |
continētur
contineō, -ēre, -uī, contentus: to bound, confine
Garumnā
Garumna, Garumnae, m.: Garonne (river in Gaul)
flūmine
flūmen, flūminis, n.: river
Ōceanō,
Ōceanus, Ōceanī, m.: Ocean
fīnibus
fīnis, fīnis, m.: end; (pl.) borders; land
Belgārum;
Belgae, Belgārum, m.pl.: (inhabitants of Belgium)
|
Second Main Clause |
| 1d |
attingit
attingō, -ere, attigī, attāctus: to touch
etiam
etiam: also; even
ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; on the side of; by
Sēquanīs
Sēquanī, Sēquanōrum, m.pl.: (a people of Gaul, west of the Jura mountains)
et
et: and, both
Helvētiīs
Helvētius, -a, -um: Helvetian (ancient Swiss)
flūmen
flūmen, flūminis, n.: river
Rhēnum;
Rhēnus, Rhēnī, m.: Rhine (river between Gaul and Germany)
|
Third Main Clause |
| 1e |
vergit
vergō, -ere: to look, point
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
septentrionēs.
septentriō, septentriōnis, m.: north
|
Fourth Main Clause |
| 1a |
Belgae
Belgae, Belgārum, m.pl.: (inhabitants of Belgium)
ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
extrēmīs
extrēmus, -a, -um: outermost
fīnibus
fīnis, fīnis, m.: end; (pl.) borders; land
Galliae
Gallia, Galliae, f.: Gaul (region of Gaul)
oriuntur;
orior, -īrī, ortus sum: to rise
|
First Main Clause |
| 1b |
pertinent
pertineō, -ēre, -uī, pertentus: to extend
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
īnferiōrem
īnferior, īnferius: lower
partem
pars, partis, f.: part
flūminis
flūmen, flūminis, n.: river
Rhēnī;
Rhēnus, Rhēnī, m.: Rhine (river between Gaul and Germany)
|
Second Main Clause |
| 1c |
spectant
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to look
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
septentriōnem
septentriō, septentriōnis, m.: north
et
et: and, both
orientem
orior, -īrī, ortus sum: to rise
sōlem.
sōl, sōlis, m.: sun
|
Third Main Clause |
| 1a |
Aquītānia
Aquītānia, Aquītāniae, f.: (region in southwest Gaul)
ā
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
Garumnā
Garumna, Garumnae, m.: Garonne (river in Gaul)
flūmine
flūmen, flūminis, n.: river
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
Pȳrēnaeōs
Pȳrēnaeus, -a, -um: Pyrenees-
montēs
mōns, montis, m.: mountain
et
et: and, both
eam
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
partem
pars, partis, f.: part
Ōceanō
Ōceanus, Ōceanī, m.: Ocean
|
First Main Clause Begins |
| 2 |
quae
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
est
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at; near
Hispāniam
Hispānia, Hispāniae, f.: Spain
|
Relative Clause |
| 1b |
pertinet;
pertineō, -ēre, -uī, pertentus: to extend
|
First Main Clause Concludes |
| 1c |
spectat
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to look
inter
inter (with acc.): between, among
occāsum
occāsus, occāsūs, m.: setting
sōlis
sōl, sōlis, m.: sun
et
et: and, both
septentriōnēs.
septentriō, septentriōnis, m.: north
|
Second Main Clause |