| 1a |
At
at: but
barbarī,
barbarī, barbarōrum, m.pl.: barbarians
|
Main Clause Begins |
| 2 |
cōnsiliō
cōnsilium, cōnsilī, n.: plan
Rōmānōrum
Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman
cognitō
cognōscō, -ere, cognōvī, cognitus: to learn, learn about
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 3 |
praemissō
praemittō, -ere, praemīsī, praemissus: to send out in advance
equitātū
equitātus, equitātūs, m.: cavalry
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 4 |
et
et: and, both
essedāriīs,
essedārius, essedārī, m.: war-charioteer
|
Ablative Absolute (praemissīs supplied from 3) |
| 5 |
quō
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
plērumque
plērumque: for the most part, generally
genere
genus, generis, n.: kind, class
in
in (with abl.): in, on
proeliīs
proelium, proelī, n.: battle
ūtī
ūtor, -ī, ūsus sum (with abl.): to use, make use of
cōnsuērunt,
cōnsuēvī, cōnsuēvisse, cōnsuētus: (perf. forms with pres. force) to be accustomed
|
Relative Clause |
| 6 |
reliquīs
reliquus, -a, -um: remaining, rest of, other
cōpiīs
cōpiae, cōpiārum, f.pl.: forces, troops
subsecūtī
subsequor, -ī, subsecūtus sum: to follow closely
|
Participial Phrase |
| 1b |
nostrōs
nostrī, nostrōrum, m.pl.: our soldiers
nāvibus
nāvis, nāvis, f.: ship
ēgredī
ēgredior, -ī, ēgressus sum: to go out, come out; to disembark
prohibēbant.
prohibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus: to keep, restrain; to prohibit
|
Main Clause Concludes |
| 1a |
Erat
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
ob
ob (with acc.): because of, on account of, for
hās
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
causās
causa, causae, f.: cause, reason
summa
summus, -a, -um: highest, greatest
difficultās,
difficultās, difficultātis, f.: difficulty
|
First Main Clause |
| 2 |
quod
quod: because
nāvēs
nāvis, nāvis, f.: ship
propter
propter (with acc.): because of, on account of
magnitūdinem
magnitūdō, magnitūdinis, f.: greatness; magnitude, size
nisi
nisi: unless, if not; except
in
in (with abl.): in, on
altō
altum, altī, n.: sea; deep; deep water
cōnstituī
cōnstituō, -ere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtus: to place, station
nōn
nōn: not
poterant,
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
|
Causal Clause |
| 1b |
mīlitibus
mīles, mīlitis, m.: soldier
autem,
autem: however, furthermore
|
Second Main Clause Begins |
| 4 |
ignōtīs
ignōtus, -a, -um: unknown
locīs,
locus, locī, m.: place, spot, position
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 5 |
impedītīs
impediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus: to entangle; to obstruct, impede
manibus,
manus, manūs, f.: hand
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 6 |
magnō
magnus, -a, -um: large, big; great
et
et: and, both
gravī
gravis, -e: heavy; serious
onere
onus, oneris, n.: load, burden
armōrum
arma, armōrum, n.pl.: weapons, arms
oppressīs,
opprimō, -ere, oppressī, oppressus: to overwhelm
|
Participial Phrase |
| 1c |
simul
simul: at the same time, together
et
et: and, both
dē
dē (with abl.): (down) from; about
nāvibus
nāvis, nāvis, f.: ship
dēsiliendum
dēsiliō, -īre, dēsiluī, dēsultūrus: to jump down
|
Second Main Clause Continues (erat supplied from 1e) |
| 1d |
et
et: and, both
in
in (with abl.): in, on
flūctibus
flūctus, flūctūs, m.: wave
cōnsistendum
cōnsistō, -ere, cōnstitī, cōnstitūrus: to stand (together); to stop, halt
|
Second Main Clause Continues (erat supplied from 1e) |
| 1e |
et
et: and, both
cum
cum (with abl.): with
hostibus
hostis, hostis, m.: enemy
erat
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
pugnandum,
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to fight
|
Second Main Clause Concludes |
| 7a |
cum
cum (with subj.): since; when
illī
ille, illa, illud: that; he, she, it
|
Circumstantial Clause Begins |
| 8 |
aut
aut: or, either
ex
ē, ex (with abl.): out of; from
āridō
āridum, āridī, n.: dry land
aut
aut: or, either
paulum
paulum: a little
in
in (with acc.): into, onto
aquam
aqua, aquae, f.: water
prōgressī,
prōgredior, -ī, prōgressus sum: to go forth, proceed
|
Participial Phrase |
| 9 |
omnibus
omnis, -e: all, entire, every
membrīs
membrum, membrī, n.: limb
expedītīs,
expedītus, -a, -um: unencumbered, unobstructed; ready
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 10 |
nōtissimīs
nōtus, -a, -um: known, famous; familiar
locīs,
locus, locī, m.: place, spot, position
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 7b |
audācter
audācter: boldly
tēla
tēlum, tēlī, n.: spear, javelin
coicerent
coiciō, -ere, coiēcī, coiectus: to throw, hurl
|
Circumstantial Clause Continues |
| 7c |
et
et: and, both
equōs
equus, equī, m.: horse
īnsuēfactōs
īnsuēfactus, -a, -um: accustomed
incitārent.
incitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to rouse, incite
|
Circumstantial Clause Concludes |
| 1a |
Quibus
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that; this
rēbus
rēs, reī, f.: thing; matter; affair; circumstance
|
Adjectival Phrase Begins |
| 2a |
nostrī
nostrī, nostrōrum, m.pl.: our soldiers
|
Main Clause Begins |
| 1b |
perterritī
perterritus, -a, -um: (thoroughly) frightened
|
Adjectival Phrase Continues |
| 1c |
atque
ac, atque: and
huius
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
omnīnō
omnīnō: altogether, entirely
generis
genus, generis, n.: kind, class
pugnae
pugna, pugnae, f.: fight, battle
imperītī,
imperītus, -a, -um (with gen.): unskilled in
|
Adjectival Phrase Concludes |
| 2b |
nōn
nōn: not
eādem
īdem, eadem, idem: the same
alācritāte
alācritās, alācritātis, f.: enthusiasm, liveliness
ac
ac, atque: and
studiō
studium, studī, n.: eagerness, desire
|
Main Clause Continues |
| 3 |
quō
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
in
in (with abl.): in, on
pedestribus
pedester, pedestris, pedestre: on foot
ūtī
ūtor, -ī, ūsus sum (with abl.): to use, make use of
proeliīs
proelium, proelī, n.: battle
cōnsuērant
cōnsuēvī, cōnsuēvisse, cōnsuētus: (perf. forms with pres. force) to be accustomed
|
Relative Clause |
| 2c |
ūtēbantur.
ūtor, -ī, ūsus sum (with abl.): to use, make use of
|
Main Clause Concludes |