| 1 |
Pugnātum est
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to fight
ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; aby
utrīsque
uterque, utraque, utrumque: each, both
ācriter.
ācriter: fiercely, sharply
|
Main Clause |
| 1a |
Nostrī
nostrī, nostrōrum, m.pl.: our soldiers
tamen,
tamen: however, still
|
First Main Clause Begins |
| 2a |
quod
quod: because
|
Causal Clause Begins |
| 3a |
neque
nec, neque: and not, not, neither, nor
ōrdinēs
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.: rank, position
servāre
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to save; to keep
|
Infinitive Phrase |
| 3b |
neque
nec, neque: and not, not, neither, nor
fīrmiter
fīrmiter: firmly
īnsistere
īnsistō, -ere, īnstitī: to stand
|
Infinitive Phrase |
| 3c |
neque
nec, neque: and not, not, neither, nor
signa
signum, signī, n.: sign, signal; military standard, banner
subsequī
subsequor, -ī, subsecūtus sum: to follow closely
|
Infinitive Phrase |
| 2b |
poterant
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
|
Causal Clause Continues |
| 2c |
atque
ac, atque: and
alius
alius, alia, aliud: other, another, one
aliā
alius, alia, aliud: other, another, one
ex
ē, ex (with abl.): out of; from
nāvī
nāvis, nāvis, f.: ship
|
Causal Clause Continues |
| 4 |
quibuscumque
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque: whoever, whatever
signīs
signum, signī, n.: sign, signal; military standard, banner
occurrerat
occurrō, -ere, occurrī, occursūrus (with dat.): to meet
|
Indefinite Relative Clause |
| 2d |
sē
—, suī, sibi, sē, sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves
aggregābat,
aggregō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to join
|
Causal Clause Concludes |
| 1b |
magnopere
magnopere: greatly
perturbābantur;
perturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to disorder; to disrupt
|
First Main Clause Concludes |
| 1c |
hostēs
hostis, hostis, m.: enemy
vērō,
vērō: truly, really
|
Second Main Clause Begins |
| 5 |
nōtīs
nōtus, -a, -um: known, famous; familiar
omnibus
omnis, -e: all, entire, every
vadīs,
vadum, vadī, n.: shallow, shoal
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 6a |
ubi
ubi: where; when
ex
ē, ex (with abl.): out of; from
lītore
lītus, lītoris, n.: shore, seashore
aliquōs
aliquī, aliqua, aliquod: some, any
singulārēs
singulāris, -e: individual; remarkable
|
Temporal Clause Begins |
| 7 |
ex
ē, ex (with abl.): out of; from
nāvī
nāvis, nāvis, f.: ship
ēgredientēs
ēgredior, -ī, ēgressus sum: to go out, come out; to disembark
|
Participial Phrase |
| 6b |
cōnspexerant,
cōnspiciō, -ere, cōnspexī, cōnspectus: to catch sight of, see
|
Temporal Clause Concludes |
| 8 |
incitātīs
incitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to rouse, incite
equīs
equus, equī, m.: horse
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 1d |
impedītōs
impediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus: to entangle; to obstruct, impede
adoriēbantur,
adorior, -īrī, adortus sum: to attack
|
Second Main Clause Concludes |
| 1e |
plūrēs
plūrēs, -a: several
paucōs
paucī, -ae, -a: few
circumsistēbant,
circumsistō, -ere, circumstetī: to surround
|
Third Main Clause |
| 1f |
aliī
alius, alia, aliud: other, another
ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
latere
latus, lateris, n.: side; flank
apertō
apertus, -a, -um: open, exposed
in
in (with acc.): into, onto
ūniversōs
ūniversus, -a, -um: all, entire, whole
tēla
tēlum, tēlī, n.: spear, javelin
coiciēbant.
coiciō, -ere, coiēcī, coiectus: to throw, hurl
|
Fourth Main Clause |
| 1 |
Quod
quod: because
cum
cum (with subj.): since, when
animadvertisset
animadvertō, -ere, animadvertī, animadversus: to observe, notice
Caesar,
Caesar, Caesaris, m.: (cognōmen of Gaius Julius Caesar)
|
Circumstantial Clause |
| 2 |
scaphās
scapha, scaphae, f.: light boat, skiff
longārum
longus, -a, -um: long
nāvium,
nāvis, nāvis, f.: ship
item
item: likewise
speculātōria
speculātōrius, -a, -um: spy-
nāvigia
nāvigium, nāvigī, n.: ship, boat
mīlitibus
mīles, mīlitis, m.: soldier
complērī
compleō, -ēre, complēvī, complētus: to fill
|
Infinitive Phrase |
| 3a |
iussit
iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussus: to order
|
Main Clause Begins |
| 3b |
et,
et: and, both
|
Main Clause Continues |
| 4 |
quōs
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
labōrantēs
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to work, labor; to exert oneself
cōnspexerat,
cōnspiciō, -ere, cōnspexī, cōnspectus: to catch sight of, see
|
Relative Clause |
| 3c |
hīs
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
subsidia
subsidia, subsidiōrum, n.pl.: reinforcements, reserve troops
summittēbat.
summittō, -ere, summīsī, summissus: to send up
|
Main Clause Concludes |
| 1a |
Nostrī,
nostrī, nostrōrum, m.pl.: our soldiers
|
First Main Clause Begins |
| 2 |
simul
simul: at the same time, together; as soon as
in
in (abl.): in, on
āridō
āridum, āridī, n.: dry land
cōnstitērunt,
cōnsistō, -ere, cōnstitī, cōnstitūrus: to stand (together); to stop, halt
|
Temporal Clause |
| 3 |
suīs
suī, suōrum, m.pl.: their soldiers
omnibus
omnis, -e: all, entire, every
cōnsecūtīs,
cōnsequor, -ī, cōnsecūtus sum: to follow
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 1b |
in
in (with acc.): into, onto; upon
hostēs
hostis, hostis, m.: enemy
impetum
impetus, impetūs, m.: attack
fēcērunt
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factus: to do; to make
|
First Main Clause Continues |
| 1c |
atque
ac, atque: and
eōs
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
in
in (with acc.): into, onto, to
fugam
fuga, fugae, f.: flight, fleeing
dedērunt;
dō, dare, dedī, datus: to give; to put
|
First Main Clause Concludes |
| 1d |
neque
nec, neque: and not, not, neither, nor
longius
longē: far (away)
prōsequī
prōsequor, -ī, prōsecūtus sum: to accompany, follow; to pursue
potuērunt,
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
|
Second Main Clause |
| 4 |
quod
quod: because
equitēs
eques, equitis, m.: horseman; equestrian; (pl.) cavalry
cursum
cursus, cursūs, m.: running; course
tenēre
teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentus: to hold, have, keep
atque
ac, atque: and
īnsulam
īnsula, īnsulae, f.: island
capere
capiō, -ere, cēpī, captus: to take, seize, capture
nōn
nōn: not
potuerant.
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
|
Causal Clause |
| 1 |
Hoc
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
ūnum
ūnus, -a, -um: one
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at; for
prīstinam
prīstinus, -a, -um: former, original
fortūnam
fortūna, fortūnae, f.: luck, fortune
Caesarī
Caesar, Caesaris, m.: (cognōmen of Gaius Julius Caesar)
dēfuit.
dēsum, dēesse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus: to be lacking
|
Main Clause |