| 1a |
Mittitur
mittō, -ere, mīsī, missus: to send
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
eōs
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
|
First Main Clause Begins |
| 2 |
colloquendī
colloquor, -ī, collocūtus sum: to speak, converse
causā
causā (with gen.): for the sake of
|
Gerund of Purpose |
| 1b |
C.
Gaius, Gaī, m.: (Roman praenōmen)
Arpīnēius,
Arpīnēius, Arpīnēī, m.: (knight in Caesar’s army)
eques
eques, equitis, m.: horseman; equestrian
Rōmānus,
Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman
familiāris
familiāris, familiāris, m.: acquaintance
Q.
Quīntus, Quīntī, m.: (Roman praenōmen)
Titūrī,
Titūrius, Titūrī, m.: (nōmen of Quintus Titurius Sabinus, one of Caesar’s lieutenants)
et
et: and, both
Q.
Quīntus, Quīntī, m.: (Roman praenōmen)
Iūnius
Iūnius, Iūnī, m.: (nōmen of Quintus Junius, a Spaniard in Caesar’s service)
ex
ē, ex (with abl.): out of; from
Hispāniā
Hispānia, Hispāniae, f.: Spain
quīdam,
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: certain
|
First Main Clause Concludes |
| 3 |
quī
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
iam
iam: now; already
ante
ante (adv.): before, previously, first
missū
missus, missūs, m.: dispatch
Caesaris
Caesar, Caesaris, m.: (cognōmen of Gaius Julius Caesar)
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
Ambiorīgem
Ambiorīx, Ambiorīgis, m.: (chief of the Eburones in Belgium)
ventitāre
ventitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātūrus: to come frequently
cōnsuērat;
cōnsuēvī, cōnsuēvisse, cōnsuētus: (perf. forms with pres. force) to be accustomed
|
Relative Clause |
| 1c |
apud
apud (with acc.): with; among
quōs
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that; he, she, it
Ambiorīx
Ambiorīx, Ambiorīgis, m.: (chief of the Eburones in Belgium)
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at; "in"
hunc
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
modum
modus, modī, m.: way, method, manner
locūtus est:
loquor, -ī, locūtus sum: to speak, talk
|
Second Main Clause |
| 4a |
sēsē
—,suī, sibi, sē (sēsē), sē (sēsē): himself, herself, itself, themselves; (as subj. of infin.) he, she, it, they
|
First Indirect Statement Begins |
| 5a |
prō
prō (with abl.): in front of, before; for, on behalf of
Caesaris
Caesar, Caesaris, m.: (cognōmen of Gaius Julius Caesar)
in
in (with acc.): into, onto; to
sē
—,suī, sibi, sē, sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves
beneficiīs
beneficium, beneficī, n.: kindness, benefit
plūrimum
plūrimum: most, very much
eī
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
|
Second Indirect Statement Begins |
| 4b |
cōnfitērī
cōnfiteor, -ērī, cōnfessus sum: to confess
|
First Indirect Statement Concludes |
| 5b |
dēbēre,
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus: to owe
|
Second Indirect Statement Concludes (sēsē supplied from 4a) |
| 6a |
quod
quod: because
eius
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
operā
opera, operae, f.: effort
stīpendiō
stīpendium, stīpendī, n.: tax, tribute
līberātus esset
līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to free
|
Causal Clause Begins |
| 7 |
quod
quod: because
Aduātucīs
Aduātucī, Aduātucōrum, m.pl.: (Belgian people of Cimbrian origin)
fīnitimīs
fīnitimī, fīnitimōrum, m.pl.: neighbors
suīs
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own)
pendere
pendō, -ere, pependī, pēnsus: to pay
cōnsuēsset,
cōnsuēvī, cōnsuēvisse, cōnsuētus: (perf. forms with pres. force) to be accustomed
|
Relative Clause |
| 6b |
quod
quod: because
que
-que: and, both
eī
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
et
et: and, both
fīlius
fīlius, fīlī, m.: son
et
et: and, both
frātris
frāter, frātris, m.: brother
fīlius
fīlius, fīlī, m.: son
ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
Caesare
Caesar, Caesaris, m.: (cognōmen of Gaius Julius Caesar)
remissī essent,
remittō, -ere, remīsī, remissus: to send back
|
Causal Clause Concludes |
| 8a |
quōs
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
Aduātucī
Aduātucī, Aduātucōrum, m.pl.: (Belgian people of Cimbrian origin)
|
Relative Clause Begins |
| 9 |
obsidum
obses, obsidis, m.f.: hostage
numerō
numerus, numerī, m.: number
missōs
mittō, -ere, mīsī, missus: to send
|
Participial Phrase Dependent on quōs |
| 8b |
apud
apud (with acc.): with; among
sē
—, suī, sibi, sē, sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves
in
in (with abl.): in, on
servitūte
servitūs, servitūtis, f.: slavery, servitude
et
et: and, both
catēnīs
catēna, catēnae, f.: chain
tenuissent;
teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentus: to hold, have, keep
|
Relative Clause Concludes |
| 4c |
neque
nec, neque: and not, nor, neither
id
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
|
Indirect Statement Continues |
| 10 |
quod
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
fēcerit
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factus: to make; to do
dē
dē (with abl.): (down) from; about
oppugnātiōne
oppugnātiō, oppugnātiōnis, f.: attack
castrōrum
castra, castrōrum, n.pl.: (military) camp
aut
aut: or, either
iūdiciō
iūdicium, iūdicī, n.: judgment; judicial investigation, trial
aut
aut: or, either
voluntāte
voluntās, voluntātis, f.: will
suā
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own)
|
Relative Clause |
| 4d |
fēcisse
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factus: to make; to do
sed
sed: but
coāctū
coāctus, coāctūs, m.: compulsion
cīvitātis,
cīvitās, cīvitātis, f.: state
|
Indirect Statement Continues |
| 4e |
sua
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own)
que
-que: and, both
esse
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
eiusmodī
eiusmodī: of this kind, of that sort
imperia
imperium, imperī, n.: authority, command
|
Indirect Statement Concludes |
| 11 |
ut
ut (with subj.): so that, that, to...
nōn
nōn: not
minus
minus: less
habēret
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus: to have; to hold
iūris
iūs, iūris, n.: law, right; authority
in
in (with acc.): into, onto; over
sē
—, suī, sibi, sē, sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves
multitūdō
multitūdō, multitūdinis, f.: large number, crowd, multitude
|
Result Clause |
| 12 |
quam
quam: how; as; than
ipse
ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self
in
in (with acc.): into, onto; over
multitūdinem.
multitūdō, multitūdinis, f.: large number, crowd, multitude
|
Comparative Clause (habēret supplied from 10) |
| 1 |
Cīvitātī
cīvitās, cīvitātis, f.: state
porrō
porrō: furthermore
hanc
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
fuisse
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
bellī
bellum, bellī, n.: war
causam,
causa, causae, f.: cause, reason
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on locūtus est |
| 2 |
quod
quod: because
repentīnae
repentīnus, -a, -um: sudden
Gallōrum
Gallī, Gallōrum, m.pl.: Gauls
coniūrātiōnī
coniūrātiō, coniūrātiōnis, f.: alliance; conspiracy
resistere
resistō, -ere, restitī (with dat.): to resist, withstand
nōn
nōn: not
potuerit.
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
|
Causal Clause |
| 1 |
Id
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
sē
—,suī, sibi, sē, sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves; (as subj. of infin.) he, she, it, they
facile
facile: easily
ex
ē, ex (with abl.): out of; from
humilitāte
humilitās, humilitātis, f.: humble condition
suā
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own)
probāre
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to approve; to prove
posse,
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on locūtus est |
| 2 |
quod
quod: because
nōn
nōn: not
adeō
adeō: to such an extent, so
sit
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
imperītus
imperītus, -a, -um: unskilled, (with gen.) unskilled in
rērum
rēs, reī, f.: thing; matter; affair
|
Causal Clause |
| 3a |
ut
ut (with subj.): so that, that, to...
|
Result Clause Begins |
| 4 |
suīs
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own)
cōpiīs
cōpiae, cōpiārum, f.pl.: forces, troops
populum
populus, populī, m.: people, nation
Rōmānum
Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman
superārī
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to rise above; to defeat
posse
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on cōnfīdat |
| 3b |
cōnfīdat.
cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sum: to trust
|
Result Clause Concludes |
| 1 |
Sed
sed: but
esse
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
Galliae
Gallia, Galliae, f.: Gaul (region of Gaul)
commūne
commūnis, -e: common
cōnsilium:
cōnsilium, cōnsilī, n.: advice; plan
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on locūtus est |
| 2 |
omnibus
omnis, -e: all, entire, every
hībernīs
hīberna, hībernōrum, n.pl.: winter-quarters
Caesaris
Caesar, Caesaris, m.: (cognōmen of Gaius Julius Caesar)
oppugnandīs
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to attack
hunc
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
esse dictum
dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictus: to say; to set
diem,
diēs, diēī, m.: day
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on esse...cōnsilium |
| 3 |
nē
nē (with subj.): so that not, not to...
qua
quī, quae (qua), quod: who, which, that; (after "nē") any
legiō
legiō, legiōnis, f.: legion
alterae
alter, altera, alterum: other, another
legiōnī
legiō, legiōnis, f.: legion
subsidiō
subsidium, subsidī, n.: aid; support
venīre
veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventūrus: to come
posset.
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
|
Purpose Clause |
| 1 |
Nōn
nōn: not
facile
facile: easily
Gallōs
Gallī, Gallōrum, m.pl.: Gauls
Gallīs
Gallī, Gallōrum, m.pl.: Gauls
negāre
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to deny, refuse; to say...no
potuisse,
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on locūtus est |
| 2a |
praesertim
praesertim: especially, particularly
cum
cum (with subj.): since; when
|
Circumstantial Clause Begins |
| 3a |
dē
dē (with abl.): (down) from; about
reciperandā
reciperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to recover
commūnī
commūnis, -e: common
lībertāte
lībertās, lībertātis, f.: freedom
|
Infinitive Phrase Begins |
| 2b |
cōnsilium
cōnsilium, cōnsilī, n.: advice; plan
|
Circumstantial Clause Continues |
| 3b |
initum
ineō, inīre, iniī, initus: to enter; to form
|
Infinitive Phrase Concludes |
| 2c |
vidērētur.
videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsus: to see; (pass.) to be seen; to seem
|
Circumstantial Clause Concludes |
| 1 |
Quibus
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that; he, she, it
quoniam
quoniam: since
prō
prō (with abl.): for, on behalf of
pietāte
pietās, pietātis, f.: dutifulness, respect (for the gods, country, family)
satisfēcerit,
satisfaciō, -ere, satisfēcī, satisfactūrus: (with dat.) to satisfy
|
Causal Clause |
| 2a |
habēre
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus: to have; to hold
nunc
nunc: now, at this time
sē
—, suī, sibi, sē, sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves; (as subj. of infin.) he, she, it, they
ratiōnem
ratiō, ratiōnis, f.: account; consideration
officī
officium, officī, n.: duty, service; kindness
prō
prō (with abl.): for, on behalf of
beneficiīs
beneficium, beneficī, n.: kindness, benefit
Caesaris:
Caesar, Caesaris, m.: (cognōmen of Gaius Julius Caesar)
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on locūtus est Begins |
| 2b |
monēre,
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -itus: to warn
ōrāre
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to plead, beg
Titūrium
Titūrius, Titūrī, m.: (nōmen of Quintus Titurius Sabinus, one of Caesar’s lieutenants)
prō
prō (with abl.): for, on behalf of
hospitiō,
hospitium, hospitī, n.: hospitality
|
Indirect Statement Concludes (sē supplied from 2a) |
| 3 |
ut
ut (with subj.): so that, that, to...
suae
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own)
ac
ac, atque: and
mīlitum
mīles, mīlitis, m.: soldier
salūtī
salūs, salūtis, f.: well-being, safety, health
cōnsulat.
cōnsulō, -ere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultus: (with dat.) to look out for
|
Indirect Command |
| 1a |
Magnam
magnus, -a, -um: large, big; great
manum
manus, manūs, f.: hand; force
Germānōrum
Germānī, Germānōrum, m.pl.: Germans
conductam
condūcō, -ere, condūxī, conductus: to bring together; to hire
Rhēnum
Rhēnus, Rhēnī, m.: Rhine (river between Gaul and Germany)
trānsīsse:
trānseō, trānsīre, trānsiī, trānsitus: to go across, cross
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on locūtus est Begins |
| 1b |
hanc
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
adfore
adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus: to be here, be present, be at hand
bīduō.
bīduum, bīduī, n.: two-day period
|
Indirect Statement Concludes |
| 1 |
Ipsōrum
ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; he, she, it
esse
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
cōnsilium,
cōnsilium, cōnsilī, n.: advice; plan
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on locūtus est |
| 2a |
velint
volō, velle, voluī: to wish, want
ne
-ne: whether
|
Indirect Question Begins |
| 3 |
prius quam
prius quam: after
fīnitimī
fīnitimī, fīnitimōrum, m.pl.: neighbors
sentiant
sentiō, -īre, sēnsī, sēnsus: to feel; to realize
|
Temporal Clause |
| 4 |
ēductōs
ēdūcō, -ere, ēdūxī, ēductus: to lead out, take out
ex
ē, ex (with abl.): out of; from
hībernīs
hīberna, hībernōrum, n.pl.: winter-quarters
|
Participial Phrase Dependent on mīlitēs |
| 2b |
mīlitēs
mīles, mīlitis, m.: soldier
aut
aut: or, either
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
Cicerōnem
Cicerō, Cicerōnis, m.: (cognōmen of Quintus Tullius Cicero, brother of the famous orator)
aut
aut: or, either
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
Labiēnum
Labiēnus, Labiēnī, m.: (cognōmen of Titus Atius Labienus, Caesar’s most trusted lieutenant)
dēdūcere,
dēdūcō, -ere, dēdūxī, dēductus: to lead (down), lead away; to conduct
|
Indirect Question Concludes |
| 5a |
quōrum
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
alter
alter, altera, alterum: other, another, one
mīlia
mīlle (pl.: mīlia): thousand; (taken with "passūs") mile
passuum
passus, passūs, m.: pace (2 steps); (taken with "mīlle") mile
circiter
circiter: about
quīnquāgintā,
quīnquāgintā: fifty
|
Relative Clause Begins (absit supplied from 5b) |
| 5b |
alter
alter, altera, alterum: other, another, one
paulō
paulō: (by) a little
amplius
amplius: farther
ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
eīs
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
absit.
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus: to be away
|
Relative Clause Concludes |
| 1 |
Illud
ille, illa, illud: that; he, she, it
sē
—, suī, sibi, sē, sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves; (as subj. of infin.) he, she, it, they
pollicērī
polliceor, -ērī, -itus sum: to promise
et
et: and, both
iūre iūrandō
iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, n.: oath
cōnfīrmāre,
cōnfīrmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to strengthen; to establish; to confirm
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on locūtus est |
| 2 |
tūtum
tūtus, -a, -um: safe
iter
iter, itineris, n.: journey; march; route
per
per (with acc.): through
fīnēs
fīnis, fīnis, m.: end; (pl.) borders; land, territory
datūrum.
dō, dare, dedī, datus: to give
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on cōnfīrmāre (sē supplied from 1) |
| 1 |
Quod
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that; this
cum
cum (with subj.): since; when
faciat,
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factus: to make; to do
|
Circumstantial Clause with Linking Quod |
| 2a |
et
et: and, both
cīvitātī
cīvitās, cīvitātis, f.: state
sēsē
—, suī, sibi, sē (sēsē), sē (sēsē): himself, herself, itself, themselves; (as subj. of infin.) he, she, it, they
cōnsulere,
cōnsulō, -ere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultus: to consult; to look out
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on locūtus est Begins |
| 3 |
quod
quod: because
hībernīs
hīberna, hībernōrum, n.pl.: winter-quarters
levētur,
levō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to lift, raise; to lessen, relieve
|
Causal Clause |
| 2b |
et
et: and, both
Caesarī
Caesar, Caesaris, m.: (cognōmen of Gaius Julius Caesar)
prō
prō (with abl.): for, on behalf of
eius
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
meritīs
meritum, meritī, n.: meritorious action, merit, service
grātiam
grātia, grātiae, f.: influence; gratitude
referre.
referō, referre, rettulī, relātus: to bring back, carry back, return
|
Indirect Statement Concludes |
| 1 |
Hāc
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
ōrātiōne
ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis, f.: speech
habitā
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus: to have; to hold; to make (a speech)
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 2 |
discēdit
discēdō, -ere, discessī, discessūrus: to depart
Ambiorīx.
Ambiorīx, Ambiorīgis, m.: (chief of the Eburones in Belgium)
|
Main Clause |