| 1a |
Arpīnēius
Arpīnēius, Arpīnēī, m.: (knight in Caesar’s army)
et
et: and, both
Iūnius
Iūnius, Iūnī, m.: (nōmen of Quintus Junius, a Spaniard in Caesar’s service)
|
Main Clause Begins |
| 2 |
quae
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that; what
audiērunt
audiō, -īre, -īvī (-iī), -ītus: to hear, listen to
|
Relative Clause |
| 1b |
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
lēgātōs
lēgātus, lēgātī, m.: envoy, ambassador; lieutenant
dēferunt.
dēferō, dēferre, dētulī, dēlātus: to bring (down), deliver; to report
|
Main Clause Concludes |
| 1a |
Illī
ille, illa, illud: that; he, she, it
|
Main Clause Begins |
| 2 |
repentīnā
repentīnus, -a, -um: sudden
rē
rēs, reī, f.: thing; matter; affair
perturbātī,
perturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to rouse, agitate
|
Participial Phrase |
| 3 |
etsī
etsī: although
ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
hoste
hostis, hostis, m.: enemy
ea
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
dīcēbantur,
dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictus: to say
|
Concessive Clause |
| 1b |
tamen
tamen: however, still
|
Main Clause Continues |
| 4a |
nōn
nōn: not
neglegenda
neglegō, -ere, neglēxī, neglēctus: to disregard; to neglect
|
Indirect Statement (ea supplied from 3) |
| 1c |
exīstimābant,
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to think, consider
|
Main Clause Continues |
| 1d |
maximē
maximē: very greatly, in particular, especially
que
-que: and, both
hāc
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
rē
rēs, reī, f.: thing; matter; affair
permovēbantur,
permoveō, -ēre, permōvī, permōtus: to influence, move; to rouse
|
First Main Clause Concludes |
| 5a |
quod
quod: because
|
Causal Clause Begins |
| 6a |
cīvitātem
cīvitās, cīvitātis, f.: state
ignōbilem
ignōbilis, -e: ignoble, base-born; undistinguished
atque
ac, atque: and
humilem
humilis, -e: humble
Eburōnum
Eburōnēs, Eburōnum, m.pl.: (a people of Belgian Gaul)
suā
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own)
sponte
sponte: of [one's own] accord
|
Indirect Statement Begins |
| 7 |
populō
populus, populī, m.: people, nation
Rōmānō
Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman
bellum
bellum, bellī, n.: war
facere
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factus: to do; to make
|
Infinitive Phrase Dependent on "ausam" |
| 6b |
ausam
audeō, -ēre, ausus sum: to dare
|
Indirect Statement Concludes (esse supplied) |
| 5b |
vix
vix: barely, scarcely
erat
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
crēdendum.
crēdō, -ere, crēdidī, crēditus: to believe, trust
|
Causal Clause Concludes |
| 1a |
Itaque
itaque: and so, therefore
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
cōnsilium
cōnsilium, cōnsilī, n.: advice; plan
rem
rēs, reī, f.: thing; matter; affair
dēferunt
dēferō, dēferre, dētulī, dēlātus: to bring (down), deliver; to report
|
Main Clause Begins |
| 1b |
magna
magnus, -a, -um: large, big; great
que
-que: and, both
inter
inter (with acc.): between, among
eōs
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
exsistit
exsistō, -ere, exstitī: to appear, arise
contrōversia.
contrōversia, contrōversiae, f.: dispute, controversy
|
Main Clause Concludes |
| 1a |
L.
Lūcius, Lūcī, m.: (Roman praenōmen)
Aurunculēius
Aurunculēius, Aurunculēī, m.: (nōmen of Lucius Aurunculeius Cotta, one of Caesar’s lieutenants)
complūrēs
complūrēs, complūra: several
que
-que: and, both
tribūnī
tribūnus, tribūnī, m.: tribune
mīlitum
mīles, mīlitis, m.: soldier
et
et: and, both
prīmōrum
prīmus, -a, -um: first
ōrdinum
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.: rank, position
centuriōnēs
centuriō, centuriōnis, m.: centurion (commander of a century)
|
First Main Clause Begins |
| 2a |
nihil
nihil: nothing
temere
temere: recklessly
agendum
agō, -ere, ēgī, āctus: to do; to drive
|
Indirect Statement Begins |
| 2b |
neque
nec, neque: and not, nor, neither
ex
ē, ex (with abl.): out of; from
hībernīs
hīberna, hībernōrum, n.pl.: winter-quarters
iniussū
iniussū: without the order
Caesaris
Caesar, Caesaris, m.: (cognōmen of Gaius Julius Caesar)
discēdendum
discēdō, -ere, discessī, discessūrus: to depart
|
Indirect Statement Concludes |
| 1b |
exīstimābant;
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to think, consider
|
First Main Clause Concludes |
| 3a |
quantāsvīs
quantusvīs, quantavīs, quantumvīs: however
magnās
magnus, -a, -um: large, big; great
etiam
etiam: also; even
cōpiās
cōpiae, cōpiārum, f.pl.: forces, troops
Germānōrum
Germānī, Germānōrum, m.pl.: Germans
sustinērī
sustineō, -ēre, -uī, sustentus: to sustain; to support; to withstand
posse
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
mūnītīs
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus: to fortify
hībernīs
hīberna, hībernōrum, n.pl.: winter-quarters
|
Indirect Statement Dependent on docēbant Begins |
| 1c |
docēbant:
doceō, -ēre, -uī, doctus: to teach, show
|
Second Main Clause |
| 3b |
rem
rēs, reī, f.: thing; matter; affair
esse
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
testimōniō,
testimōnium, testimōnī, n.: testimony, proof
|
Indirect Statement Continues |
| 4a |
quod
quod: because
prīmum
prīmus, -a, -um: first
hostium
hostis, hostis, m.: enemy
impetum
impetus, impetūs, m.: attack
|
Causal Clause Begins |
| 5 |
multīs
multus, -a, -um: much; (pl.) many
ultrō
ultrō: besides
vulneribus
vulnus, vulneris, n.: wound
inlātīs
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus: to bring
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 4b |
fortissimē
fortiter: bravely
sustinuerint;
sustineō, -ēre, -uī, sustentus: to sustain; to support; to withstand
|
Causal Clause Concludes |
| 3c |
rē
rēs, reī, f.: thing; matter; affair; supply
frūmentāriā
frūmentārius, -a, -um: of or relating to grain, grain-
nōn
nōn: not
premī;
premō, -ere, pressī, pressus: to press; to oppress
|
Indirect Statement Continues (sē supplied) |
| 3d |
intereā
intereā: meanwhile
et
et: and, both
ex
ē, ex (with abl.): out of; from
proximīs
proximus, -a, -um: nearest, closest
hībernīs
hīberna, hībernōrum, n.pl.: winter-quarters
et
et: and, both
ā
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
Caesare
Caesar, Caesaris, m.: (cognōmen of Gaius Julius Caesar)
conventūra
conveniō, -īre, convēnī, conventus: to come together, gather, meet
subsidia;
subsidia, subsidiōrum, n.pl.: reinforcements, reserve troops
|
Indirect Statement Concludes |
| 6 |
postrēmō
postrēmō: at last, finally
quid
quis, quid: who, what
esset
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
levius
levis, -e: light (not heavy)
aut
aut: or, either
turpius
turpis, -e: disgraceful; shameful
|
Indirect Question Dependent on docēbant |
| 7a |
quam
quam: how; than
|
Comparative Clause Begins |
| 8 |
auctōre
auctor, auctōris, m.: author; adviser
hoste
hostis, hostis, m.: enemy
|
Ablative Absolute |
| 7b |
dē
dē (with abl.): (down) from; about, concerning
summīs
summus, -a, -um: highest, greatest; most important
rēbus
rēs, reī, f.: thing; matter; affair
capere
capiō, -ere, cēpī, captus: to take, capture; to form, make
cōnsilium?
cōnsilium, cōnsilī, n.: advice; plan
|
Comparative Clause Concludes |