| 1 |
Ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
hāc
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
spē
spēs, speī, f.: hope
repulsī
repellō, -ere, reppulī, repulsus: to drive back, deter
|
Participial Phrase |
| 2 |
Nerviī
Nerviī, Nerviōrum, m.pl.: (a people of Belgian Gaul)
vāllō
vāllum, vāllī, n.: palisade of stakes on top of an embankment, rampart
pedum
pēs, pedis, m.: foot
IX
IX: 9
et
et: and, both
fossā
fossa, fossae, f.: ditch, trench
pedum
pēs, pedis, m.: foot
XV
XV: 15
hīberna
hīberna, hībernōrum, n.pl.: winter-quarters
cingunt.
cingō, -ere, cīnxī, cīnctus: to surround, equip
|
Main Clause |
| 1a |
Haec
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
et
et: and, both
superiōrum
superior, superius: upper, higher; previous
annōrum
annus, annī, m.: year
cōnsuētūdine
cōnsuētūdō, cōnsuētūdinis, f.: custom, usage
ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
nōbīs
nōs, nostrum, nōbīs, nōs, nōbīs: we, us
cognōverant
cognōscō, -ere, cognōvī, cognitus: to learn, learn about
|
First Main Clause Begins |
| 1b |
et
et: and, both
|
First Main Clause Continues |
| 2 |
quōs
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
clam
clam: secretly
dē
dē (with abl.): (down) from; about, concerning
exercitū
exercitus, exercitūs, m.: army
habēbant
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus: to have; to hold
captīvōs
captīvus, captīvī, m.: prisoner, captive
|
Relative Clause |
| 1c |
ab
ā, ab (with abl.): (away) from; by
eīs
is, ea, id: this; that; he, she, it
docēbantur;
doceō, -ēre, -uī, doctus: to teach, show
|
First Main Clause Concludes |
| 1d |
sed
sed: but
nūllā
nūllus, -a, -um: no
ferrāmentōrum
ferrāmentum, ferrāmentī, n.: iron tool
cōpiā
cōpia, cōpiae, f.: supply; resource
|
Second Main Clause Begins |
| 3 |
quae
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
esset
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at; for (the purpose of)
hunc
hic, haec, hoc: this; he, she, it
ūsum
ūsus, ūsūs, m.: use; practice; need
idōnea,
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable
|
Relative Clause |
| 4a |
gladiīs
gladius, gladī, m.: sword
caespitēs
caespes, caespitis, m.: turf (cut from the ground)
circumcīdere,
circumcīdō, -ere, circumcīsī, circumcīsus: to cut around
|
Infinitive Phrase dependent on vidēbantur |
| 4b |
manibus
manus, manūs, f.: hand
sagulīs
sagulum, sagulī, n.: small military cloak
que
-que: and, both
terram
terra, terrae, f.: earth, land, ground
exhaurīre
exhauriō, -īre, exhausī, exhaustus: to take away, remove
|
Infinitive Phrase dependent on vidēbantur |
| 1e |
vidēbantur.
videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsus: to see; (pass.) to be seen; to seem
|
Second Main Clause Concludes |
| 1a |
Quā
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that; this
quidem
quidem: indeed, even
ex
ē, ex (with abl.): out of; from
rē
rēs, reī, f.: thing; matter; affair
hominum
homō, hominis, m.f.: human, person
multitūdō
multitūdō, multitūdinis, f.: large number, crowd, multitude
cognōscī
cognōscō, -ere, cognōvī, cognitus: to learn, learn about
potuit:
possum, posse, potuī: to be able
|
Main Clause Begins with Linking Quā |
| 1b |
nam
nam: for
minus
minus: less
hōrīs
hōra, hōrae, f.: hour
tribus
trēs, tria: three
mīlium
mīlia, mīlium, n.pl.: thousands
pedum
pēs, pedis, m.: foot
XV
XV: 15
in
in (with abl.): in, on
circuitū
circuitus, circuitūs, m.: circumference
mūnītiōnem
mūnītiō, mūnītiōnis, f.: fortification
perfēcērunt;
perficiō, -ere, perfēcī, perfectus: to finish, complete, make
|
Main Clause Continues |
| 1c |
reliquīs
reliquus, -a, -um: remaining, rest of, other
que
-que: and, both
diēbus
diēs, diēī, m.: day
turrēs
turris, turris, f.: tower
ad
ad (with acc.): to, towards; at
altitūdinem
altitūdō, altitūdinis, f.: height
vāllī,
vāllum, vāllī, n.: palisade of stakes on top of an embankment, rampart
falcēs
falx, falcis, f.: hook
testūdinēs
testūdō, testūdinis, f.: arch, vault; shed
que,
-que: and, both
|
Main Clause Begins |
| 2 |
quās
quī, quae, quod: who, which, that
īdem
īdem, eadem, idem: the same
captīvī
captīvus, captīvī, m.: prisoner, captive
docuerant,
doceō, -ēre, -uī, doctus: to teach, show
|
Relative Clause |
| 1d |
parāre
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to get ready, prepare, prepare for
ac
ac, atque: and
facere
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factus: to do; to make
coepērunt.
coepī, coepisse, coeptus: to have begun
|
Main Clause Concludes |